TABLE 6:  Stock Options Plans and Pre-post Change in Performance Levels
                                   
Dependent variables: Ln(output/employee)     Total Shareholder         Tobin's Q    Return on Assets  
               Return      
Sample: Full Paired   Full Paired   Full Paired   Full Paired  
  Independent variables (1)   (2)   (3)   (4)   (5)   (6)   (7)   (8)  
All companies w/data in both periods^        
Stock option companies        
1     1985-87 0.093 *** 0.054 * 1.003 0.742   0.312 ** 0.269 *** 0.540 0.354  
  (4.35) (1.81)   (0.53) (0.30)   (6.80) (3.28)   (0.87) (0.41)  
2     1995-97 0.294 *** 0.222 *** 3.506 * 4.846 ** 0.659 ** 0.299 *** 4.319 ** 2.40 ***
  (13.56) (7.33)   (1.82) (1.96)   (14.18) (3.59)   (6.88) (2.75)  
Paired companies        
3     1985-87 -0.005   2.47   -0.037   0.467  
  (0.30)   (1.56)   (0.98)   (0.94)  
4     1995-97 0.048 ***   4.15 ***   0.094 **   1.723 **  
  (2.76)   (2.62)   (2.47)   (3.43)  
Change from 1985-87 to 1995-97        
5     Stock option co. 0.201 ***   2.503   0.347 **   3.779 **  
  (6.82)   (0.97)   (5.53)   (4.43)  
6     Paired co. 0.053 **   1.680   0.131 **   1.256 *  
  (2.24)   (0.78)   (2.54)   (1.84)  
7     Difference 0.148 *** 0.168 *** 0.823 4.104   0.216 ** 0.030   2.523 ** 2.048 *
  (4.22) (3.96)   (0.26) (1.19)   (2.85) (0.26)   (2.48) (1.68)  
         
Total observations 12870 768   9942 636   11088 630   13032 774  
Number of stock option companies represented 165 128   147 106   153 105   166 129  
  Number of paired companies represented 1980   128   1510   106   1695   105   2006   129  
Within-company change following adoption        
   of non-management stock option plans^^        
8      Pre-adoption 0.063 * -0.082   1.978 -1.619   0.458 0.378 * 3.604 ** 1.912  
  (1.75) (1.53)   (0.58) (0.29)   (2.94) (1.69)   (2.26) (0.96)  
9      Post-adoption 0.14 *** 0.009   -0.704 -0.517   0.782 0.359   4.611 * 2.483  
  (3.85) (0.14)   (0.16) (0.07)   (3.00) (1.16)   (1.82) (0.79)  
10      Difference 0.077 ** 0.091 * -2.682 1.10   0.325 -0.019   1.007 0.57  
  (2.53) (1.65)   (0.55) (0.14)   (1.91) (0.06)   (0.60) (0.20)  
         
Total observations 238 186   207 154   216 161   238 188  
Number of stock option companies represented 16 13   15 12   16 12   16 13  
  Number of paired companies represented     13       12       12       13  
* p<.10   ** p<.05   *** p<.01
^ Based on robust regressions run on all companies with complete data for the 1985-87 and 1995-97 periods.  Controls include ln(employment)
   and ln(assets) interacted with each period, plus year dummies and 2-digit industry dummies.
^^ Based on residuals from robust regressions of performance variables on ln(employment), ln(net assets), and 2-digit industry variables
    run separately for each year.  Reported results are based on stock option companies with at least two pre-adoption observations
    and two post-adoption observations.  Observations were weighted using robust regression weights and number of observations per
    company so that the weighted number of pre-adoption observations equals the weighted number of post-adoption
    observations for each company, to provide a balanced pre/post comparison.